In localization theoriesn, local areas fulfill functions. Neurons conduct the excitations, and astrocytes assist and perform auxiliary tasks. Brain functions are realized in the interconnectedness of many areas. This is the current view of the functional brain structure.

The diagrams of the connectome chow something completely different. Countless fibers show the course of the excitations. Area boundaries and astrocytes are missing. The excitations run along predefined pathways from the receptors toward the target organs. In this delicate structure, the connectome fibers are the functional parts. This contradicts previous views of the functional brain structure. The astrocytes are located between.

The AI is changing brain research. The many astrocytes do more than just help.

If these fibers themselves realize the functions, the result is:

1. Now there are millions of functional parts
2. This structure is extremely delicate and consists of connected neurons
3. The astrocytes do not act within, but between, the connectome fibers. This allows for a theory about the function of astrocytes. Finally, their number and activity can be interpreted. The function of the many astrocytes thus becomes understandable. Previous explanations of astrocytes are weak. Other cells perform the auxiliary tasks themselves; no additional extra cell is needed. The neuron cannot evaluate its own activity.
4. This is a paradigm shift from previous classifications! A comparison: "Not seeing the forest for the trees (connectome fibers)."
5. For each engram there is a special connectome fiber
6. The flexibility of the brain is achieved through the many independent fibers
7. Since an astrocyte feeds multiple fibers, they must share the nutrients. If one neuron or fiber consumes a lot, the others consume less. Text copied from here to there.
8. In this way, the astrocytes can optimize the supplied fibers and their connections through nutrient supply.
9. Engrams are changed unnoticed. We have a powerful helper within us: the astrocyte system. Completely new connections and thus engrams can emerge.
10. In the previous classification, astrocytes perform auxiliary functions, serving as servants to the neurons. In the classification into functional connectome fibers, the neurons are the workers, and the astrocytes command and control the neurons actions.
11. If connectome fibers shape excitations in a very delicate way with all their convergence and divergence, this does not fit with the evolution of mutation and selection (Darwin). If the differentiation of connectome fibers correlates with evolution, this would be a massive paradigm shift (Lamarck). Engrams are visible in the synaptic connections.

The psychology of perception is explained in the journal Spektrum 2/2024 using networks of connected neurons. The details described fit well with the properties of connectome fibers.

Known details about astrocytes

Most cells in the brain are astrocytes. These not only perform auxiliary functions but also influence neurons.
The impulses travel through the brain at lightning speed. This happens via synaptically connected neurons. Astrocytes act in the background and at a slower pace. The following properties are unclear:

1. The neurons are not supplied directly, but via the astrocytes.
2. Although the nutrient reserves in the brain are small (this is explained by lack of space), there are huge numbers of astrocytes.
3. One astrocyte nourishes several neurons and one neuron is nourished by several astrocytes
4. Astrocytes not only nourish neighboring neurons, but also have supply pathways to distant neurons. I know of no other explanation/thesis for this fact.
5. Astrocytes change their supply pathways during memory changes.
6. The flexibility of the brain is realized locally in the interaction between neurons and glial cells. There is no central control center in the brain that controls everything.
Flexikon, astrocytes evaluate and modulate neuronal activity.
7. Nutrition via astrocytes is inferred to be a function of the blood-brain barrier. But this is weak. Much can pass through and disrupts the neurons.
8. Neurons without contacts to the astrocytes behave helplessly and atrophy.

Gliathesis

A general law of division of labor/function is at work. The activity of one part affects the other functional parts. In the market economy, this becomes visible through accounting (Adam Smith calls this the invisible hand). Every activity in a division of labor/function changes the balance. Every activity in a division of labor/function changes the balance. Jede Tätigkeit in einer Arbeits-/Funktionsteilung verändert das Gleichgewicht. Every activity in a division of labor/function changes the balance sheet. Jede Tätigkeit in einer Arbeits-/Funktionsteilung verändert die Bilanz. The other functional parts benefit or disadvantage from this. This allows them to evaluate the respective action. In the brain, astrocytes register the energy consumption of the neurons they supply via many small channels and can thus influence their actions. This is the actual function of astrocytes!

1. The astrocytes not only nourish but also register the nutrient needs of the supplied neurons.
2. Not one or neighboring neuron is supplied (which would be effective and space-saving), but functionally dependent neurons.
3. With memory, functional dependencies also change. Astrocyte beams are adapted.
4. Optimization via the energy balance can only be effective when reserves are limited. This is why reserves are so limited, and they are not evenly distributed. Thesis: Where flexibility is required, reserves are particularly limited.
5. Neurons respond sensitively to "commands" from astrocytes. Astrocytes give the order, and neurons follow. Source: Medical Encyclopedia
6. With these thoughts, the astrocytes do not form a barrier, but rather distribute nutrients in a targeted manner.
7. A generally valid thermodynamic law is used: Every action changes the energy balance. Using this balance, an action can be evaluated. A mistake results in additional energy expenditure.

5. Impressum in german

Ich kann versichern, dass die obigen Gedanken mein Eigentum sind. Die andere Funktion ergab sich aus erlebten Widersprüchen im Arealdenken (hier Ratio, dort Gefühl). Jedes Engramm, jede Fähigkeit erzeugt Gefühle. Psychische Aktivität wird quer durch und nicht in lokalen Arealen generiert. Dieses Umdenken begann im Jahr 1976 in Bad Langensalza (Thüringen). Den Begriff "Straktur" hat Prof. Armin Ermisch, Hirnforscher in Leipzig, im Jahr 1983 vorgeschlagen. Lokal abgrenzbare Strukturen sind eben nicht sogleich funktionelle Teile. Deshalb der neue Begriff Straktur. Im Jahr 1976 war von der Netzwerkgliederung (Konnektom) noch nichts zu lesen. Die logischen Folgerungen aus der neuen Gliederung sind immens, z.B. Brief von Dr. Lothar Sprung Die These zur eigentlichen Funktion der Astrozyten ist nur ein kleiner Teil davon. Bekanntes Wissen wird wie bei einem Puzzle neu einsortiert.

2007 Diplom-Mathematiker Stefan Pschera Bahnhofstr. 6 D-08258 Markneukirchen OT Erlbach Kopierrechte beim Verfasser Email an info@straktur.de Hinweis zur EU-Streitschlichtung Dies ist eine private Seite, kein Online-Shop. Ich unterstütze Fairness, nicht Abzocke. Die Europäische Kommission stellt eine Plattform zur Online-Streitbeilegung (OS) bereit: Streitschlichtung. Ich nehme daran nicht teil. Es gibt keine Schlichtungsstelle für das obige Thema. Zuständig wäre die Allgemeine Verbraucherschlichtungsstelle des Zentrums für Schlichtung e. V., Straßburger Str. 8, 77694 Kehl (verbraucher-schlichter).

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